What should be included in the 'mitigation plan' of an EIS?

• A. Measures to compensate carbon credits only.
• B. Costs and budget allocations for mitigation.
• C. Measures to avoid, reduce, or compensate for adverse impacts, with timing and responsibility.
• D. Public consultation summaries only.

Answer: (C)

Mitigation plans in an EIS specify concrete actions to avoid, reduce, or offset adverse environmental impacts, and they assign who will carry out each action and when it will be done. This combination of specific measures with timing and responsibility ensures that potential harms are actually addressed throughout project design, construction, and operation, and that there is accountability and a way to monitor effectiveness. While carbon credits might be one tool to offset certain impacts, a mitigation plan covers a broader range of actions beyond just offsets. Budgeting and public consultation summaries are important parts of project planning and disclosure, but they are not the core content of the mitigation plan itself.